Metal Volcano

Metal Volcanos pose as an infinite source of Refined Metals, in the Base Game they are always buried, but in the Spaced Out DLC they can be uncovered when settling a new Planetoid.

During the eruption, emission can be blocked by over-pressurization. The maximum pressure it will emit at is 150 kg in a Gas, such as Steam, or when its first two layers are fully submerged in a Liquid, such as its own output. The tile of interest from which the emission comes out from is the exact center tile of the 3 by 3 volcano, which, on the 4 tile neutronium base is shifted to the left.

The Base Game has volcanoes for Gold, Copper and Iron. While Spaced Out introduced volcanoes for Tungsten and Aluminum, and since the Space Game was changed, Niobium.

Metal Volcano Taming
Metal Volcanos eject their metals in molten form at appropriately hot temperatures. Although All Metal Volcanoes follow the same rules for their eruption periods and ejection rates, the metals have different ejection temperatures, freezing points, and specific heat capacities, therefore it is unlikely to have a one-size fits all solution which is not wasteful for most volcanoes.

Any geyser, vent, or, in this case, volcano, cycles through 3 phases. The dormant phase, and the active phase which contains the ejection phase, and the idle phase. And it's important to view it as such, since merely calculating the volcano's average output over its lifetime can still lead to equipment overheating.
 * During the Ejection Phase, Metal and Heat is rapidly introduced into the environment, therefore one needs a Buffer to catch the Heat in.
 * During the Idle Phase, all the produced heat from the Ejection Phase, stored in the Buffer must be moved away to be ready for the next ejection.
 * And during the Dormant Phase, nothing happen, but it can not be relied upon as a large period of time to let the entirety of the setup cool down, that's what the Idle Phase should be for.

The by far best Buffer, and heat deletion combination is the Water or rather Steam and the Steam Turbine. In perfect conditions, a Self-Cooled Steam Turbine can delete 292.53kDTU per second.

To calculate how big of a Water buffer must be in place, it is handy to know is that the ejected metal exchanges its temperature with the environment much more readily than as a Liquid as when it is debris. To get the Ratio of Ejection amount to buffer size, you first calculate the total amount of heat to be removed from the ejected metal until it solidifies, which is the difference of its Output and Freezing temperature multiplied by its SHC. Then, you divide that number by the amount of heat your buffer medium (water) can take before its temperature leaves the permissible range. In other words, you calculate the difference between the high and the low end of your permissible range and multiply it with the SHC of you buffer medium (which is 4.179 for water). The permissible range for a self-cooled Steam Turbine is 138°C - 125°C. For a Steam Turbine cooled by Aquatuners it is 275°C-125°C because steel equipment will break above that temperature. The latter version cuts down the amount of water needed by a factor of 10.

$$R=\frac{c_{metal} \cdot (T_{output}-T_{freezing})}{c_{water} \cdot (138-125)}$$

The Ejection amount can be simply multiplied with this ratio (different for every metal) to get the size of the water buffer needed. Examples:
 * A Gold Volcano that spews 11kg/s for 27 seconds, with gold's ratio of 3.71, needs about 1150kg of Water.
 * An Iron Volcano that spews 17kg/s for 22 seconds, with iron's ratio of 8.2, needs about 3100kg of Water.
 * An Aluminum Volcano that spews 8.2kg/s for 32 seconds, with aluminum's ratio of 17.87, needs about 4700kg of Water.

To calculate how many Self-Cooled Steam Turbines are required, output first calculates what output one turbine can take care of by dividing the amount of cooling the Turbine can do (292,53kDTU) by the amount of Heat produced by one gram of metal. Then one takes the average output over an activity period (not average over lifetime) and pick the next higher amount of Turbines. Examples:
 * A Gold Volcano that spews 11kg/s for 27 seconds every 570 seconds, or 521g/s. One Turbine is needed since it can handle up to 900 g/s.
 * An Iron Volcano that spews 17kg/s for 22 seconds every 780 seconds, or 479.5g/s. Two Turbines are needed since one can handle up to 250 g/s, and two therefore 500g/s.
 * An Aluminum Volcano that spews 8.2kg/s for 32 seconds every 450 seconds, or 583.1g/s. Three Turbines are needed since one can handle up to 200 g/s, and three therefore 600g/s.

Useful Links

 * |Google Sheets Calculator for Water amount and Steam pressure